Abstract: Hanjiang Ecological Economic Zone is the important area for the development of economy in Hubei Province and the high quality water supply area for Middle Route Project of South-North Water Diversion. In order to identify the impact of the water diversion on water resources in the area, a water shortage risk assessment system by using AHP and fuzzy membership degree evaluation is established to assess the shortage risk of water resources in the area. The assessment shows that the variation of water resources caused by macro control of water resources after water diversion will gradually affect the ecological environment, safety of drinking water, social life, agricultural production and so on in Hanjiang river basin, and that Hanjiang Ecological Economic Zone will face the water storage risk. The average water shortage risk of Hanjiang Ecological Economic Zone is at medium level; the risk of Shiyan and Shennongjia Forest Zone is at low level; the risk of Qianjiang, Xiantao and Wuhan is at medium level; the risk of Suizhou, Jingmen, and Tianmen is at high level; the risk of Xiangyang reaches the critical value between high and extremely high levels.