Abstract: With the development of society and economy, the demand for hydropower project construction is growing, which brings forth a lot of issues related to reservoir resettlement. An index system and a comprehensive evaluation model are established to compare and assess the effectiveness of three reservoir resettlement modes in Guizhou Province, namely, the mode of concentrated resettlement supplemented by scattered resettlement, the mode of resettlement through urbanization, the mode of resettlement through long-term compensation. Based on the evaluation results and analysis on the reality of Guizhou Province, suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of reservoir resettlement in the province and the conclusion that mixed resettlement modes dominated by urbanization is the optimal option are put forward.