Abstract: With the monitoring data, the chemical characteristics of the groundwater quality of Songnen Plain in Heilongjiang Province are described to ascertain the pollution status quo and the main influential factors driven by human activities in the research region. On this basis, the single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive index method are used to assess the status quo of groundwater pollution. The statistical analysis software SPSS is used to conduct cluster analysis on the sampling sites to find out the primary pollutants and impact factors. The result show that the hydrochemistry of the shallow groundwater is dominated by Ca-HCO3,Ca-Cl-HCO3, Ca-SO4- HCO3 type; the water chemical action mainly includes leaching and human activities; the groundwater pollution is in light degree; the major pollution parameters are total hardness, TDS, pH, NO-3, NH+4, Cl-, SO2-4, As, Fe and Mn, and especially, over-standard of the Fe and Mn are caused by original geological environment; the industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, domestic sewage pollution and pollution of surface water supplement are the main pollution sources in the research area, however the total hardness, TDS, pH, NO-3, NH+4, Cl-, SO2-4, As and TP are mainly influenced by human activities.