Abstract: With the development of science and technology, new technologies are successively applied in water ecological monitoring, which has promoted the revolution of traditional water ecological monitoring technology. We reviewed the development history of water ecological monitoring technology, summarized the application condition, existing problems and development tendency of spectral technology, image recognition technique, flow cell counting technique, fish probe technique, synthetic monitoring technique of biological toxicity, internet of things technique. We put forward some suggestions, such as increasing the popularization and application of new techniques to improve monitoring efficiency, drafting related technique standard on water ecological monitoring to promote the standardization of monitoring methods and result evaluation, setting up water ecological monitoring network to strengthen the support to water resources management.