Abstract: As a kind of typical wetland ecosystem, ponds are widely distributed in Three Gorges Reservoir area. The spatial distribution of ponds has an important influence on ecosystem services, such as the agriculture production, living condition, eco-hydrological process. Based on the method of spatial analysis, we analyzed the relationship between the distribution of ponds in Chenjiagou watershed and the service functions through the index system established in three aspects of natural, social and production factors. The results show that the pond distribution varies with attitude, slope, and the distance from residential site and farmland. The ponds distribute mainly in the middle and estuary region of the watershed, with the elevation of 350 to 550 m, the gradient of 5° to 25° of slope and the distance of 20 to 80 m from the rural residential site, while the difference of service function in the spatial distribution is not significant. The multi-pond system is important to the hydrological regulation and non-point source pollution control of the basin. The changes of the service functions of ponds can reflect the changes of rural economic structure and livelihood strategies.