Abstract: The current emergency plan for unexpected geological disasters in China still has many problems, such as structural deficiencies and inadequate effectiveness. Based on implementation practices of the plan, we first proposed a scene-structure-function mode for emergency plan, and established a conceptual  system including policy and technical levels. The five-step formulation process of the plan is proposed, including scene-construction, goal setting, mechanism optimization, program design and deduction optimization. Finally, we preliminary established a comprehensive assessment model for the plan, assessed National Emergency Plan for Unexpected Geologic Disasters, and put forward some revision suggestions. We believe that the core of emergency plan optimization is to answer three questions: whether the target is consistent with the scenes; whether the ability matches with the goal; whether the emergency plan efficacy is maximal.