Abstract: With the remote sensing image data of Manas River basin in 1976, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 and the support of GIS, Fragstats3.4, Spss and Grey Modeling software, the landscape change characteristics and the driving forces in the study area were analyzed quantitatively by the landscape pattern indexes and combined methods of factor analysis and gray correlation model. The results showed that in recent 40 years, the overall landscape pattern in the basin became diversified, complicated and fragmented, especially, the construction land and farmland showed a trend of concentration and bidirectional expansion, the advantages was greatly enhanced while other landscape types were in contrast; the evolution of the landscape pattern was impacted by human factors and natural factors, and mainly by human activities; the various landscapes change in different degrees due to the demand of economic and urban development for resources and space. To protect the basin ecological security, optimize the structure of the landscape, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between people and land.