Abstract: Based on investigation work of soil and water conservation monitoring in the Yangtze River Basin and the general requirements on China's social and economic development under new situation, we strive to perform well in soil and water conservation monitoring in the Basin. In order to better carry out the soil and water loss monitoring under new situation, thought-provoking and forward-looking studies are conducted in the aspects of perfecting the dynamic monitoring on soil and water loss, constructing emergency response monitoring system, strengthening the role of institutional function, promoting the application of advanced technology, device and equipment, optimizing the top design of the basin network system, setting up the comprehensive indexes of soil and water loss monitoring etc.