Abstract: The content of soil and water conservation monitoring is composed of an objective level, six controlling levels, twenty-nine factors and ninety-six indexes. Soil and water conservation methods adopted by Central Station of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring in Yangtze River Basin were introduced, including data analysis, field measurement and monitoring, fixed-point ground monitoring, remote-sensing monitoring, three-dimensional laser scanning measurement, photogrammetry and real-time remote monitoring technology, etc. The comparison was made on the principles, adaptability and characteristics of each method. None of these methods is used independently in a certain project, therefore based on the characteristics of overall project layout and potential soil and water loss caused by construction, full-process monitoring on soil and water loss and conservation should be conducted by selecting and integrating appropriate monitoring methods.