Abstract: Shanxi is rich in coal resources and the widespread irrational coal mining phenomenon has led lots of collapse geological disasters. Taking Hangchanggou Valley in Shanxi Provinces as an example, we explored the collapse formation mechanism. On the basis of comprehensive survey of geological environment conditions, we analyzed the slope structure characteristics and found that the slope collapse is cause of continuous deformation under the influence of coal mining and differential weathering. In addition, we analyzed the characteristics of internal stress and strain of the slope by using finite element numerical analysis and according to the deformation failure mechanism, we put forward the control measures as follow: cleaning the slope surface + draining water+ slope protection of stone masonry + SNS protection system.