Abstract: Soil-water loss is one of the most critical ecological and environmental problems that hinder the sustainable development of Yangtze River Economic Belt. This paper highlights the status quo of soil-water loss in the basin, discusses the relationship between ecological environment construction and change of land use, climate, water resources and human activities and analyzes the main problems in soil-water conservation and the construction of ecological environment and puts forward key strategy layout under new situation to provide the theory and experience of soil-water conservation for green development and sustainable development of Yangtze Economic Belt.