Abstract: In order to obtain the variation of the water cycle elements in Three Gorges Reservoir area after impoundment, we studied the variation trend of climate factors by trend analysis method and related analysis method based on the meteorological data of 12 representative stations along the Yangtze River in the reservoir area from 2004 to 2016. Furthermore, we explored the causes for the change by comparing the results with relevant research of predecessors. The results showed that: after the reservoir impoundment, for the change of the underlying surface, the annual average temperature weakly decreased, the annual average precipitation and precipitation days increased, the annual average relative humidity decreased, the wind speed increased, and the evaporation decreased. The main factors affecting evaporation were annual average temperature, annual average relative humidity and sunshine duration. The results can provide theoretical basis and reference for the study of water and energy cycle in the Three Gorges Reservoir area under the background of climate change.