Abstract: Guided by the idea of coordinated development of water security, economy, resources and environment, we analyzed groundwater quality and social economic conditions of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin Province, and then established a sustainable utilization of groundwater resources system based on water security. The system has 23 indicators in total, which reflect the relationships among water safety system, groundwater resources system, social and economic system and environmental system. We evaluated the sustainable utilization in Yanbian prefecture and found that the sustainable utilization index of its groundwater resources is 1.97, indicating that sustainable development and utilization is hindered; total quantity of groundwater resources are 2.613 billion cubic meters, however with 8,449 square kilometers of groundwater resources cannot be used sustainably due to unsafe water quality. Five countermeasures are put forward in the study, i.e, supplying water according to water quality, centralizing water supply, centralized water treatment, strengthening sewage treatment, and controlling chemical fertilizer use.