Abstract: Heterogeneity and time-variation are the basic attributes of hyporheic zone and hyporheic exchange. Quantitative identification of spatial-temporal variation characteristics of hyporheic zone and hyporheic exchange are of great significance to the comprehensive management of surface water and groundwater quantity and quality, the evaluation and utilization of watershed water resources, and the conservation of healthy river ecosystem. In order to grasp its characteristics, we systematically analyzed and discussed the studies regarding spatial-temporal variability characteristics of hyporheic zone and hyporheic exchange in the past twenty years at home and abroad. We also explained the spatial-temporal changing features of subsurface flow zones and exchange of subsurface flow and its interactive relationships, revealing the influence mechanism of its spatial-temporal variability. Finally, based on existing research results and future developing trends, the following action plan and research focus on the subject are proposed.