Abstract: The water conveyance tunnel from Tangxian to Shangshi is the most difficult open-flow tunnel project in North Hubei water resources allocation project. It is 16.55 km long and has complex geological conditions along the route, that the problems of collapse-prone, strong water permeability and difficult harnessing are very outstanding. In view of this technical problems encountered in the construction progress, the optimization of the tunnel excavation and support scheme, the control of water permeability and anti-seepage of the rock mass and the safety analysis of the unstable foundation pit slope were carried out respectively. Finally, the key technology system for design and construction of the shallow-buried long-distance water conveyance tunnel from Tangxian to Shangshi was formed.