Abstract: The Yangtze River Basin is one of the most serious regions of water and soil loss in China. After more than 30 years‘s management and practice, remarkable achievements on soil and water conservation have been made in the Yangtze River Basin. However, in the face of the dual challenge of old problems and new demands, the work of soil and water conservation in the Yangtze River Basin still has a long way to go. In order to promote the ecological protection and restoration of the Yangtze River Basin, and build a safe, green, harmonious and beautiful Yangtze River, the general plan of soil and water conservation for the Yangtze River Basin was put forward based on the systematic summary of previous work experiences and results. At the same time, to solve the old problems and new requirements, several suggestions and prospects were put forward, mainly including: carrying out systematic investigation on hard issues in the whole basin, launching targeted research on special technology, making clear the rate of soil and water conservation in the whole basin and important tributaries, and studying the water and soil conservation objectives and countermeasures in the new era of "reduction, degradation and efficiency" in the Yangtze River Basin.