Abstract: UAV hyperspectral imaging technology can be used to visualize the distribution of water parameters in rivers and lakes. Taking the Xingyun Lake in Yunnan Province and the Maozhou River in Shenzhen as an example, the UAV hyperspectral imager was used to obtain the hyperspectral image of the study area and the surface water quality parameters were sampled to construct the optimal dual-band monitoring model for water quality parameters. The results showed that the model of chlorophyll a had the highest accuracy (R2=0.99,RPD=7.55), followed by suspended solids (R2=0.95,RPD=4.86), total nitrogen (R2=0.88,RPD=2.04), total phosphorus (R2=0.86,RPD=1.93) and turbidity (R2=0.60,RPD=1.65). It is shown that UAV hyperspectral imaging technology can provide a new data source and technical means for water quality monitoring of urban rivers and lakes, and provide a basis for water environmental protection and treatment of lakes and rivers.