Abstract: Taking Xinyang City in the mountainous area of southern Henan Province as an example, this paper uses GIS spatial analysis technology to evaluate its available land resources quality. The results show that: the available land resources quality of Xinyang City can be divided into five grades, and the quality grade tends to increase from southwest to northeast. The first-class and second-class land are mainly distributed in areas with flat topography, superior soil conditions, extensive river distribution, and abundant land resources for human beings, including Huaibin County, Gushi County, Huangchuan County, Luoshan County, Pingqiao District, Guangshan County. The natural conditions of third-class and fourth-class land are odinary, including Shihe District, Xinxian County, Shangcheng County, Luoshan County and Xixian County. Location is the dominant factor affecting third-class and fourth-class land quality. The fifth-class land is located in areas of high altitude, large slope and inconvenient transportation. The per capita land resources of fifth-class land are poor, including Xinxian County and Shangcheng County. The evaluation results can provide a basis for the rational development and utilization of land resources, agricultural structure adjustment and industrial layout in the mountainous areas of southern Henan Province.