Abstract: In order to alleviate unfairness of water resources utilization and compensation,promote reasonable allocation of water resources and coordinated development between regions,we constructed a benefit compensation model of water resource transfer and utilization by Shapley and AHP methods.The model consisted of indices of cooperation profit contribution,investment of resources,water-use efficiency,economic development degree and social equality and justice. For the Middle Route of South-To-North Water Transfer Project,Shiyan City is the core water source of Danjiangkou reservoir area,and Henan Province is the water demand area.Therefore,they were selected as main participants to analyze benefit compensation in water resource transfer and utilization.The results showed that investment of resources,cooperative benefit contribution and economic development were the most important influencing factors,while social equality and justice had less influence on benefit compensation of water resource transfer and utilization.For water source area,its compensation was mainly sponsored by central government.In recent years,compensation between local governments had also increased.After comparing the income distribution quota and actual compensation quota of the source area and the demand area in 2015,it can be seen that the compensation between local governments could reflect ecological compensation to the water source area,which was more accord with reality.Besides,because of the determination of benefit compensation standard was dynamic and complex,it was necessary to pay attention to the balance of economic and social benefits,clarifying the interest of main participants,playing to the initiative of local governments and the central government,and improving the benefit compensation mechanism from both central-local governments and inter-local government levels.