Abstract: In order to scientifically evaluate the risk of water pollution in river basins, based on the "Pressure-State-Response" model(PSR model),a risk assessment index system of water pollution in river basins is established with 21 indicators from 5 angels, i.e.,the social economy, the risk of pollution sources, water resources quality, ecological environment vulnerability and water pollution prevention and control.And the risks are divided into four grades, and the entropy weight method is used to determine the objective weight.Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is used to comprehensively evaluate the water pollution risk of Poyang Lake Basin from 2012 to 2018.The results show that the risk of water pollution in Poyang Lake Basin is moderate from 2012 to 2016,and becomes mild from 2017 to 2018.The overall risk level shows a decreasing trend year by year, which is consistent with the actual situation.The ammonia nitrogen emissions, water quality attaiment rate of water function areas and proportion of lakes water quality above Ⅲ class have a great impact on the risk of water pollution in Poyang Lake Basin.Therefore, relevant departments need to focus on these aspects and make positive responses.The research results can be used as a reference for water pollution control and water resources sustainable development in Poyang Lake Basin.