Abstract: In the study of drought, due to the different regions, the climate conditions and the causes of drought are different, we can not simply adopt a certain drought index to evaluate the drought situation in the region.It is necessary to summarize the applicability of each drought index in a region to obtain the most suitable drought index.In this paper, 62 meteorological stations in Xinjiang were divided into 12 regions.Firstly, the thresholds of K index, Reconnaissance Drought Index(RDI),Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI) were localized and modified.Then, the longest continuous rainless days in spring, summer and autumn were evaluated to obtain the drought grade, and the coincidence degree was analyzed between the drought grade and evaluation grade of each drought index.Finally, the correlation between the annual soil moisture and the drought indices of each year was analyzed.The results show that:(1) For spring, summer and autumn, K index is suitable for drought monitoring of spring and autumn in plain basin of Eastern and Southern Xinjiang, and drought monitoring of summer in Tushantuo Basin.RDI is suitable for drought monitoring of spring, summer and autumn in east and north of Northern Xinjiang, as well as the drought monitoring of spring along Tianshan Mountain Area and Tianshan Mountain area in Northern Xinjiang.SPI is suitable for drought monitoring of summer in Tianshan Mountain and western mountain area of Southern Xinjiang.SPEI is suitable for drought monitoring of spring in the west of Northern Xinjiang and the western mountains of Southern Xinjiang, as well as drought monitoring of summer in Eastern Xinjiang, Southern Xinjiang, west of Northern Xinjiang and along Tianshan Mountains Area in Northern Xinjiang, and drought monitoring of autumn in west of Northern Xinjiang and along Tianshan Mountains Area in Northern Xinjiang.(2) In terms of annual scale, K index is applicable to Northern Xinjiang, west of Southern Xinjiang and Aksu region.RDI is applicable to the whole Northern Xinjiang region.SPI is applicable to the area along Tianshan Mountain in Northern Xinjiang, west of Northern Xinjiang, Aksu region and west of Southern Xinjiang.SPEI is applicable to the area along Tianshan Mountain in Northern Xinjiang, west of Northern Xinjiang and the western mountains of Southern Xinjiang.