Abstract: The Yangtze River Protection Law is an important measure to implement the strategic plan of the Party Central Committee in legal form and transform it into the state will and social code of conduct to protection of the Yangtze River.It is of far-reaching significance for opening an entirely new prospect that restoring Yangtze River by rule of law.On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the relevant content of water resources protection and management in the Yangtze River Protection Law,we have studied and judged the guiding significance of the implementation of the Yangtze River Protection Law to river basin water resources protection and management, and accurately found the problems existing in the water resources protection in the river basin under the scope of the Yangtze River Protection Law.For the problems, we put forward working ideas and suggestions from improving the water resources protection planning system, strengthening the protection of ecological flow and drinking water sources areas, establishing an evaluation system, and improving the management mechanism.The research results show that Yangtze River Protection Law has strengthened the implementation of water resources protection system and improved the legal system of water resources protection.The research results can provide decision-making basis for water resources protection and management in the basin, and promote the construction of the beautiful Yangtze River and the governance of Yangtze River by rule of law, which is of great significance for achieving the goal of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.