Abstract: To reveal the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of soil nutrients and their variability characteristics in the small watershed of Huixian Wetland in Lijiang River Basin, and to provide a reference basis for agricultural surface source pollution control and fertilizer management, this paper simultaneously and continuously monitored the pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and other indicators of soil in river sediments, water-level fluctuating zone and farmland. One-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation analysis and inverse distance interpolation were applied to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and explore the interrelationship between soil nutrients in river sediments, water-level fluctuating zone and farmland. The results were as follow: the total nitrogen, organic matter and nitrate nitrogen contents of river sediments, subsidence zone and cultivated soil were influenced by seasons, with significant differences among seasons, while less influenced by years; the soil nutrients of river sediment were influenced by river bed changes and human activities, and showed complexity along the course; the nutrient contents of river sediments, water-level fluctuating zone and farmland were closely related, and were influenced by rainfall.