Abstract: With the construction of river-crossing and sea-crossing super-large bridges, the size of caisson foundation is becoming larger and larger, facing deeper soil entry and more complex geological situation. In order to ensure the efficient and stable sinking of caisson, it is particularly important to select reasonable soil extraction and caisson sinking technology. Taking the No. 5 pier caisson of the Changjiang River bridge from Changzhou to Taizhou as an example, based on the analysis of the problems existing in the traditional soil sinking process, a stepped soil extraction and caisson sinking process was proposed, and the influence of excavation state on soil end resistance was calculated by numerical analysis method. The results showed that when the stepped soil extraction and caisson sinking process was adopted, the soil digging at inner ring holes provided space for caisson sinking, and fine soil digging at the outer ring holes can realize the controllable sinking of the caisson; in addition, by considering the influence of excavation state on the resistance of caisson end, the scope of soil digging in the sinking stage can be determined. The research results can provide reference for similar super-large caisson sinking construction.