Abstract: In 2022，the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River faced continuous drought in summer and autumn.The water level at Shashi Station was the lowest in history.The variation of water level-discharge during low dry water period has caused a series of problems in domestic water use，production water use and ecological water demand.Based on the measured data of the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River after the experimental impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir from 2009 to 2022，we have carried out a lot of analysis and research on the section variation of each station along the river，the trend of the low dry water level-discharge relationship，and the variation of channel erosion and siltation.The results showed that since the experimental impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir，the low dry water level-discharge relationship of each station in the main stream of the middle and lower of Yangtze River showed a rightward trend，and the water level at the same flow decreased to different degrees，of which the decline of the Shashi Station was the largest，and the scouring intensity of the Yichang-Chenglingji section was the largest.The research results can be used to reasonably regulate the upstream reservoirs such as the Three Gorges Reservoir，ensure the production，domestic and ecological water use in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，and implement the most strict water resource management，and provide important reference for drought prevention.