Abstract: Neimiao Lead-zinc Mine in Debao County of Guangxi Autonomous Region is a typical mine that pollutes the surrounding environment by mining instead of exploration.In order to study the pollution of the mine to the Neimiao Creek, 13 sediment samples were collected along the Neimiao Creek, and the total amount and form of Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr and Mn elements in the sediments were analyzed, the pollution degree and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments were evaluated by the geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method.The results showed that:(1) except that the average contents of Cr and Mn were lower than the background values, the average contents of Cd, Zn, As, Pb and Cu were 518.53,52.64,31.53,12.37 and 2.58 times of the background values, respectively.The contents of Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr and Mn in sediments showed an increasing trend from Neimiao Creek to the downstream, while As and Pb showed a decreasing trend.(2) Cu in sediments was mainly in residual form at most sampling points.From upstream to downstream, the organic matter binding state of As element showed an increasing trend.The exchangeable state of Cd showed a decreasing trend, and the iron-manganese oxide bound state showed an increasing trend.The carbonate bound state, iron manganese oxide bound state and organic state of Pb increased.The exchangeable state of Zn decreased significantly, carbonate binding state and iron manganese oxide binding state showed an increasing trend.Cr element was mainly in exchangeable state with no obvious change trend.The carbonate binding state of Mn showed an increasing trend and its exchangeable state showed a decreasing trend.(3) The correlation of sediments showed that there were obvious homology between Zn and Cd, Pb and As, Cr and Mn.The geo-accumulation index showed that Cd was extremely serious pollution, Zn was strong-extremely serious pollution, As was moderate-strong pollution, Pb was moderate pollution, Cu was mild-moderate pollution, Cr and Mn were pollution-free.The potential ecological risk index method showed that the potential ecological risk of sediment composite was extremely high, and the ecological risk of Cd, As, Pb and Zn was high, Cu, Mn and Cr were low.