Abstract: The system of paid use and trading of emission rights is an important means to construct unified big market, and also a key path to promote the improvement of the value realization mechanism of ecological products, ecological protection compensation system and the comprehensive reform of market-oriented allocation of factors.Around the objectives and task requirements of the pilot work, the development process and the pilot work of the paid use and trading of emission permits in Hubei Province was described in the present study.The research finding shows that there are a lot of problems in Hubei Province in top-level system, pricing mechanism, market force, ability building and connection with emission permit.Finally, suggestions are put forward from the aspects of top-level system, mechanism, ability building, green finance, system connection and so on.