Abstract: Based on the high-precision land use data of Anning River Basin and Bailong River Basin from 2000 to 2020,the ecosystem service value(ESV) and landscape ecological riskindex(LERI) assessment model, bivariate spatial autocorrelation model and Geodetector were used to explore the spatio-temporal evolution, correlation and differentiation characteristics of ESV and LERI in different dry valleys.The results indicated that forest and grass dominated the Anning River Basin and Bailong River Basin.With the influence of urban expansion, ESV and LERI showed a decreasing trend.ESV was mainly in low and medium grade, while LERI was mainly in extremely low and low grade.ESV and LERI had significant negative spatial correlation, and the relationship between ESV and LERI were dominated by high value-low risk and low value-high risk.Human activities played a leading role in spatial differentiation of ESV and LERI.Forestland and grassland were important sources of ESV in the two basins, and the surge of construction land leaded to the continuous decreasing of ESV and LERI in the two basins.It is necessary to improve land use structure according to local conditions, strengthen protection of forest, grass and water area, control urban expansion reasonably, and promote sustainable development of land use structure in watershed.