Abstract: This study proposes a 'One-Axis Three-Dimensions' regional equilibrium research framework corresponding to the water spatial equilibrium strategy of China,in which water consumption is considered as an axis,and the social economy population,and water resources are considered as three key elements.A quantitative analysis model combining the Global Spatial Equilibrium Index which is based on the Gini coefficient,and the Factor Spatial Matching Index which is based on the matching degree algorithm is constructed to study the temporal evolution and spatial distribution characteristics of each element.At the same time,this study improves the matching degree algorithm and proposes a new algorithm based on the Cumulative Ranking Ratio.The proposed model is applied to the spatial equilibrium analysis of agricultural,industrial,domestic water use and industry output value,regional population,water resources in the Yangtze River Basin from 1980 to 2019.The results show that in the past 40 years,the overall spatial equilibrium trend of the Yangtze River Basin has been continuously improved,but the volatility is large,and the differences in different dimensions are obvious,with a highly unbalanced state of water resources-industrial water use.On the factor matching parts,the'industrial output value-to-industrial water' is relatively good,the 'regional population-to-industrial water' is in the middle,and the 'water resources-to-industrial water' needs to be improved.In terms of matching algorithms,the Cumulative Ranking Ratio method can solve the shortcomings of the original algorithms,and has the advantages of high stability and identification.This study aims to provide decision-making reference and technical support for the allocation,management,and regional balanced development of water resources in the Yangtze River Basin by building a systematic spatial equilibrium evaluation system.