Abstract: Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of groundwater are crucial for the evolution and transformation of industrial structures in coal resource-based cities.Jining City, Shandong Province is a typical city integrating mining and urban spaces.This study analyzes the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in the urban areas of Jining City and its formation mechanism and control factors.The results showed that the overall groundwater was alkaline hard water, and the hydrochemical types tended to transform from HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3-Na·Ca to HCO3·SO4-Ca, HCO3·Cl-Ca·Mg, HCO3-Na·Ca·Mg, HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca.The main controlling factor of hydrochemical composition in the study area was water-rock interaction, and its hydrochemical characteristics were mainly affected by carbonate karst filtration, agricultural production, and fluorine bearing mineral leaching.The impact of industrial and mining distribution on shallow groundwater in the study area was gradually increasing.This study can provide some reference for the reasonable development and utilization of local groundwater.