基于生命周期的生活节水综合效益评价体系与应用

    Development and application of comprehensive benefits evaluation system of domestic water saving based on whole life cycle

    • 摘要: 为定量评价生活节水综合效益,对生活节水概念内涵进行识别,考虑节水和污水再生利用的协同作用,引入生命周期思想和评价方法,提出生活节水综合效益评价体系。以节水保供、节水降损、节水增效、节水减排、节水收益五大内涵准则为框架,构建了包括“目标-准则-指标”三层级的评价指标体系,创新提出节水费效比指标的内涵和计算方法。结合费用效益分析法、模糊综合评价法、层次分析法、熵权法,采用“单指标量化-多权重计算-多指标综合-分等级评价”方法,定量计算生活节水综合效益水平及等级。以南方丰水地区浙江省金华市为例,分别针对农村、集镇和城市研究区开展实例应用。研究结果表明:提出的评价体系能较好地反映客观实际,具有较强的通用性、可靠性和适应性,可为不同区域或用水系统的节水评价工作提供技术支撑。

       

      Abstract: In order to quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive benefits of domestic water saving, the connotation and the concept of domestic water saving were determined by considering the synergistic effect of water saving and wastewater reusing.The concept and evaluation method of whole life cycle were introduced, and a comprehensive evaluation system for domestic water saving benefits was proposed.The evaluation indicator system consisting of three levels of “objectives-criteria-indicators” was constructed, based on the five connotation criteria, namely, water saving and supply assurance, water saving and loss reduction, water saving and efficiency enhancement, water saving and emission reduction, and water saving benefits.The connotation and the calculation method of “water saving cost efficiency ratio” were proposed innovatively.The method of “single index quantification-multi weight calculation-multi index comprehensive-grading evaluation” was adopted to calculate the level and the grade of comprehensive benefit, by combining with cost-benefit analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method.Taking Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province as an example, a water rich area in south China, the evaluation system was applied to country, town and city research areas respectively.The results showed that the proposed evaluation system can reflect the objective reality, has strong universality, reliability and applicability, and can provide technical support for water saving evaluation in different regions or water systems.

       

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