Abstract: The continual global warming trend has contributed to the uncertainty of regional dry and wet change characteristics.In this study，a standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index （SPEI） of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was calculated，and combined with reliability-resilience-vulnerability （RRV） and Markov Chains （MC），the drought risk level，drought frequency，area proportion and average duration of the region were calculated.Then Mann-Kendall test was employed to test their significance，identify drought events and characterize the spatial characteristics of drought states quantitatively in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau during the period from 2000 to 2022.The results showed that SPEI-RRV was reliable in identifying drought events and evaluating regional drought states accurately in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.78% of the regions have a weak increasing trend of drought year by year.The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has more than 35% probability of suffering different degrees of drought from light to extra severe，especially the steady state probability of extra severe drought in the eastern hilly region is 25%，and the probability of extreme drought is very high.The research findings can provide references for drought monitoring and drought risk assessment in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.