Abstract: Macrobenthos is a key indicator organism to the aquatic environment ,and its integrity and community structure can reflect the ecological health of water bodies. This paper reports on a study of 35 rivers ( 125 sampling sites) in the Huaihe River , changjiang River and Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu Province territory . The study was conducted during the water - abundance period in 2023 ,aiming to investigate and analyze macrobenthos ,water environment indicators ,and habitat conditions ,and calculate the macrobenthos biological integrity index ( B-IBI) . Atotal of26 reference points and 5 core parameters were screened. The B- IBI index scores were assigned using the ratio method. A correlation analysis was conducted between the B- IBI index and environmental factors. The health status of the river was evaluated by spatially interpolating the B- IBI index using the ordinary kriging method. The results demonstrate that:① the B- IBI index has a significant positive correlation with habitat diversity , NH3-N, PO4 3 -P,flow velocity ,and transparency . Additionally ,the number of scrapers shows a weak but significant positive correlation with cODMn . The results indicate that scrapers are capable of enduring a certain level of water pollution. An increase in habitat di- versity and water transparency promotes the integrity and stability of the macrobenthos community structure. NH3- Nand PO4 3 -P have a positive impact on benthic fauna within a specific range ,but surpassing the threshold leads to the degradation of the benthic fauna community structure. ② The overall health of the 35 rivers is better in the east and north than in the west and south. The sampling sites with good health are mainly concentrated in the eastern and northwestern parts of the Huaihe River Ba- sin ,the southwestern part of the changjiang River Basin ,and the central part of the Taihu Lake Basin. ③ The ANOSIM similarity and SIMPERanalyses reveal significant differences in the density and structure of benthic communities between the Huaihe River Basin and changjiang River Basin. The results also indicated that urbanization and shipping activities along the changjiang River have an impact on the structure of benthic communities.