Abstract: To accurately characterize the entire process of rock creep deformation and damage, based on the theory of fractional-order calculus, a non-constant Abel viscous element was proposed for characterizing the creep deformation of rocks in the initial nonlinear decay creep stage; furthermore, according to the theory of continuum damage mechanics, a fractional-order nonlinear damage visco-plasticity model that takes account of creep damage was developed to characterize the mechanical behavior during the accelerated creep stage.By connecting the non-constant Abel viscous element and the fractional-order nonlinear damage visco-plasticity model in series with the Hookean body and a viscous element, a new fractional-order viscoelastic-plastic damage creep model for rock was established, and the creep equations in three-dimensional stress state were derived by combining the generalized Hooke′s law and Perzyna′s theory of viscoplasticity.Finally, the correlation between the experimental data and the model curves was comparatively analyzed through inverse fitting using relevant creep test data.The results show that the model-derived creep equations can not only accurately describe the nonlinear characteristics of the steady-state creep phase of the rock at low stress levels, but also reflect the accelerated creep characteristics of the rock at high stress levels, with correlation coefficients all exceeding0.96,thus achieving simulation of the rock′s three-stage creep process.