Abstract: Poor compaction quality can lead to the formation of seepage channels and uneven settlement of dams, weakening its stability and long-term durability.Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the compaction quality of rockfill dams.Based on the Nam Kong-1 Hydropower Station project in Laos, a four-degree-of-freedom dynamic coupling analysis model was established to study the interaction between the vibrating roller and the rockfilling materials.This model, combined with in-situ monitoring tests of the dynamic response of rockfill materials under roller compaction, enabled a dynamic response analysis and compaction quality evaluation through vibration characteristics of the compacted layer.The model analysis results indicate that the vibration peak values of rockfill materials were positively correlated with stiffness.As the number of rolling passes increases, the density of the compacted layer rises, leading to a gradual increase in the stiffness of the rockfill materials and a corresponding increase in vibration peak values.Field test results further demonstrated that as the number of rolling passes increase, the vibration peaks in the compaction area progressively rise.The compaction quality meets the required standards when the number of rolling passes exceeds seven.This study proposes a novel method for evaluating compaction quality based on the dynamic response of rockfill materials, which helps ensure dam compaction quality and facilitates rapid construction.