Abstract: Stock enhancement is an effective method to restore and increase the abundance and resource quantity of fishery resources in waters.This study focused on Procypris rabaudi, an endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.By analyzing the changes in growth, morphological indices, and swimming performance of Procypris rabaudi under different durations of exercise training, the effects of training duration on growth performance and swimming behavior were investigated.The aim was to determine the optimal exercise training protocol prior to stock enhancement, thereby providing technical support to ensure post-release survival rates.The results showed that under a training intensity of 60% critical swimming speed, after five weeks of continuous exercise training, the trained group exhibited significantly higher body length and caudal peduncle lateral area relative to the control group, while the dorsal fin area and the ratio of body height to body length were lower, indicating a more streamlined body shape.After five weeks of continuous training, the critical swimming speed of the test fish increased significantly to (0.623±0.007) m/s, representing a 4.9% increase over the initial value, with a notable disparity in critical swimming speed between the control and trained groups.Considering the comprehensive effects of different training durations on growth, morphology, and swimming performance, the optimal pre-release exercise training protocol for artificially cultured Procypris rabaudi juveniles may involve daily training at 60% critical swimming speed for 6 hours every day, initiated five weeks or longer before release.