Abstract: To meet the engineering requirements from disaster prevention and mitigation, safe operation, and ecological conservation in the reservoir area of lower reaches of the Jinsha River, based on the collection and collation of a large number of landslide data in the lower reaches of Jinsha River, GIS platform was applied to obtain landslide distribution and characteristic information, and we systematically carried out a correlation analysis between landslide distribution and geological factors such as landform, structure, lithology, bank slope structure type, and deeply explored the geological, environmental and other reasons for landslide formation.The results indicate that: ① Landslides in the lower Jinsha River region are predominantly distributed along the mainstream of the Jinsha River, with bedding landslides in layered rock formations being the dominant type, mostly classified as large-scale or super large-scale.② The formation of landslides is controlled by multiple factors: deep-cutting gorge topography provides free-face conditions for landslide initiation; layered or interbedded weak rock formations supplies the material basis for landslide development; consequential slope structures (predominant along riverbanks) create a favorable environment for landslide occurrence; faults and folds influence the spatial distribution of landslides; and joint fissures generated by tectonic activities provide structural conditions for landslide evolution.The research findings reveal the intrinsic relationships between landslides and geological factors in the lower Jinsha River region, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding on landslide mechanisms.This study provides a scientific basis for landslide identification, monitoring, evolutionary analysis, and engineering prevention measures in the lower Jinsha River area.