Abstract: The Changjiang River is the mother river of the Chinese nation and a crucial support for its development. Achieving self-reliance and strength in water science and technology of the Changjiang River, and developing new quality productive forces in water conservancy play a vital supporting role in promoting high-quality development in water conservancy and ensuring China′s water security. The Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources has thoroughly implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, providing robust scientific and technological support in water conservancy for the sustainable development of the basin′s economy and the well-being of its people. This article elaborates on the major achievements in scientific and technological innovation of the Changjiang Water Resources Commission from four perspectives: building a strong scientific and technological line of defense for basin-wide flood prevention and disaster reduction, facilitating innovative practices in water resource allocation, overcoming critical technological challenges in water conservancy, and promoting scientific and technological advancements in water conservancy industry. It summarizes the experiences and insights gained from adhering to a science and technology-oriented approach, planning guidance, maintaining integrity while fostering innovation, and open cooperation. In light of new situations and requirements, the article proposes four development pathways: improving institutional mechanisms for supporting all-around innovation, strengthening the coordinated organization of major scientific and technological innovations, increasing the supply of science and technology oriented towards new quality productive forces, and fostering a dynamic innovation ecosystem. These efforts aim to better support and serve Chinese modernization through the high-quality development of the Changjiang River water conservancy.