Abstract: With the influence of the East Asian monsoon variability and global warming, extreme droughts have been occurring frequently over the Changjiang River Basin in recent years, seriously threatening the high-quality economic and social development of the basin.It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the drought formation and evolution mechanism in the Changjiang River Basin, to put forward the drought prediction methods and improve associated accuracy to guarantee the water supply, food security, and ecological security of the Changjiang River Basin.In this paper, we focus on the mechanism of drought formation and prediction in the Changjiang River Basin, and highlight the important progress made in recent years in the research of meteorological drought, agricultural drought, and hydrological drought in the Changjiang River Basin.These advances include: ① In terms of the formation and evolution mechanism, we have systematically summarized the driving and maintaining mechanism of the anomalous characteristics of the multi-scale climate system on the regional meteorological drought and further revealed the influence of different factors, such as climatic conditions, watershed characteristics, human activities, etc.on the spatial and temporal evolution of the agricultural drought and hydrological drought.② In terms of the multiscale prediction, we review the progress of meteorological drought prediction using dynamics and statistical methods, as well as researches on agricultural drought and hydrological drought prediction based on land-atmosphere coupling.Finally, the future development trend is prospected, and we underline the importance of developing a method of physically-based artificial intelligence prediction for meteorological drought, and forming a multiscale seamless prediction technology system based on land-atmosphere coupling for the spatial and temporal evolution of drought in the Changjiang River Basin.