人工智能技术在洪涝灾害防御领域的应用研究

    Research on application of artificial intelligence technology in flood disaster prevention

    • 摘要: 在全球气候变化和城市化进程加剧的背景下,洪涝灾害的发生频率和影响程度不断增加,对人民生命财产安全造成巨大影响。为探索基于人工智能(AI)技术的洪涝灾害防御新模式,重点分析了AI技术在洪涝灾害防御中所涉及的洪涝预报预警及辅助决策、智慧值守和辅助智慧办公3个方面的实现技术路径和应用前景。研究表明: 融合水动力模型的AI快速预报模型,其预测结果与模拟积水深度的决定系数R2>0.826,计算效率较水动力模型提升约200~300倍; 智慧值守系统集成气象监测、水位监测、数字人和风险识别技术,可为城市防汛工作提供全天候、高效的监控和响应机制; 依托大语言模型的智慧办公系统则实现了数据处理与决策支持的一体化。研究成果可为洪涝灾害防御体系智慧化建设提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Against the backdrop of global climate change and accelerated urbanization, the frequency and severity of flood disasters have been increasing, posing significant threats to human life and properties. To explore a new paradigm of flood disaster prevention based on artificial intelligence (AI), we focus on three technical paths and application prospects: flood forecasting and early warning with decision support, intelligent watch keeping, and AI-assisted smart office applications. The results demonstrate that the AI-based rapid forecasting model, integrated with hydrodynamic simulations, achieves high accuracy with a coefficient of determination R2 > 0.826 against simulated inundation depths, while improving computational efficiency by approximately 200~300 times compared to traditional models. Furthermore, the intelligent watch keeping system, which integrates meteorological monitoring, water-level sensing, digital human technology, and risk identification, can provide round-the-clock, efficient monitoring and response for urban flood management. In addition, the smart office system, powered by large language models, enables end-to-end automation in data processing and decision support. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing the intelligent development of flood disaster prevention systems.

       

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