基于多源卫星协同的河流水位遥感监测方法

    Remote sensing monitoring on river water level based on multi-source satellite collaboration

    • 摘要: 水位是反映河流水文情势的重要指标,高精度水位监测数据对水资源管理、防灾减灾、生态环境保护等具有重要价值。为探究联合中国高分七号立体测绘卫星(GF-7)和GF-1/2/6、Landsat-8/9、Sentinel-2等多源光学卫星开展河流水位遥感监测的可行性,以金沙江上游石鼓和奔子栏2个河段为研究区,利用GF-7获取河段岸坡高空间分辨率地形数据,基于地形数据构建河段水体面积-水位关系模型,以多源光学卫星动态监测河段水体面积作为输入,实现河流水位动态遥感监测,并利用实测水位验证水位遥感监测精度。结果表明:基于GF-1/2/6等多源高空间分辨率卫星协同的2个河段水位遥感监测平均绝对误差为0.27~0.31 m,水位变化遥感监测均方根误差为0.280~0.369 m,当河段水位变幅超过1 m时,石鼓河段水位变化反演精度约84%, 奔子栏河段水位变化反演精度约90%;基于Landsat-8/9、Sentinel-2等多源中高空间分辨率卫星协同的2个河段水位遥感监测平均绝对误差为0.35~0.56 m,与站点实测水位具有较好的一致性,可准确识别河段水文节律特征,为无资料地区河流水位动态遥感监测提供一种有效方法。

       

      Abstract: Water level is a critical indicator of river hydrological conditions.High-precision monitoring of river water level is essential for effective water resource management, disaster mitigation, and ecological conservation.This study investigates the feasibility of remote sensing on river water level by integrating data from the Chinese GaoFen-7 (GF-7) stereo mapping satellite with other optical satellites, including GF-1/2/6, Landsat-8/9, and Sentinel-2.The research focuses on the Shigu and Benzilan reaches in the upper Jinsha River.High-resolution topographic data of the riverbanks were derived from GF-7 satellite stereo images, which were subsequently used to develop water area-level relationship models for different river reaches.Dynamic remote sensing of river water level was achieved by incorporating time-series data of the river water surface area into these models.The accuracy of the remote sensing-derived water levels was validated against in-situ measured water levels.Results show that the mean absolute error (MAE) of remote sensing-derived water levels for the two river reaches ranges from 0.27 to 0.31 m when using a combination of high-spatial-resolution satellites such as GF-1/2/6.The root mean square error (RMSE) of remote sensing-derived water level variations in the two reaches ranges from 0.280 to 0.369 m.For water level fluctuations exceeding 1 meter, the accuracy of remote sensing-derived water level variations is approximately 84% for the Shigu reach and 90% for the Benzilan reach.When utilizing medium-to-high spatial resolution satellites such as Landsat-8/9 and Sentinel-2, the MAE of remote sensing-derived water levels for the two reaches ranges from 0.35 to 0.56 m.This methodology demonstrates significant potential for capturing river hydrological dynamics, providing a valuable tool for dynamic remote sensing of river water level in ungauged regions.

       

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