Abstract: Yunnan Province is located in the marginal zone of the monsoon region, where droughts have been occurring frequently in recent years and have shown pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity under the combined influences of climate change and complex topography.To accurately characterize regional drought dynamics and enhance drought disaster preparedness, we conducted a quantitative drought monitoring analysis based on high-resolution spatiotemporal data.Using CHIRPS satellite precipitation data and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for the period 2000~2022, we applied the Theil-Sen median trend estimator and the Mann-Kendall test to systematically examine trends in precipitation, drought frequency, drought duration, and spatial distribution characteristics at the prefecture-level city scale across Yunnan Province.The results indicated that southeastern, central, and northwestern Yunnan experienced relatively high drought frequency during 2000~2022, with a statistically significant intensifying trend, the cumulative number of drought events exceeding 15 in these regions.In southeastern Yunnan, the longest drought duration occurred in 2019, lasting up to 8 months, with a minimum SPEI value of -1.8, indicating substantial drought severity.A significant association was identified between decreasing precipitation and increasing drought frequency, with particularly pronounced impacts in Kunming, Yuxi, Honghe Prefecture and other regions.These findings reveal the regional disparities and spatio-temporal patterns of drought evolution in Yunnan Province and provide both a data foundation and theoretical support for the development of differentiated drought emergency response strategies at the prefectural and municipal levels.