Abstract: China′s inland arid regions are facing the dual pressures of intensified land use and increasing water scarcity.Taking the Ebinur Lake Basin as the study area, this study coupled a land use change model with a water resource allocation model, integrated the PLUS model with water consumption estimation methods, and assessed the dynamic responses of agricultural and ecological water consumption under different development pathways.The results show that the simulation accuracy is high, with an overall precision exceeding 92%, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.92.Under the economic-priority development scenario in 2050, cultivated land area is projected to increase to 36.31 km², while grassland and forest land are expected to decrease to 224.33 km² and 17.25 km², respectively.During the same period, agricultural water consumption will reach 39.5 million m³, whereas ecological water consumption will decline to 5.8 million m³.Compared with the high-carbon-emission pathway, agricultural water consumption under the ecological-priority scenario will decrease by 25%;in the sustainable development scenario, agricultural water consumption will be 35.8 million m³ and 36.9 million m³ by 2035 and 2050, respectively.The results indicate that different land use policy pathways significantly affect water resource allocation in arid regions, and that rational adjustment of land use structure is of great significance for maintaining ecosystem stability and promoting sustainable agricultural development.