Abstract: Technologies for improving water-saving irrigation efficiency are essential for achieving efficient utilization of agricultural water resources and sustainable development.From the perspectives of technical performance, environmental impacts, and implementation feasibility, this study systematically analyzes the advantages and limitations of both traditional and modern smart irrigation technologies.Although traditional technologies are structurally simple and easy to operate, they generally suffer from low efficiency, water waste, and a tendency to cause soil salinization.In contrast, modern irrigation technologies based on sensors, the Internet of Things, and data analysis can significantly enhance water use precision and regulatory capacity.However, their practical application still faces multiple challenges, including limited technical adaptability, high initial investment, unstable data quality, and low acceptance among farmers.To address these issues, this study proposes strategies involving policy support, cross-agency collaboration, technical training, and the integration of emerging technologies.It also highlights the need for future interdisciplinary research integrating hydrology, agronomy, information science, and ecology, as well as improved management mechanisms, to promote technological innovation and ecological sustainability.This study provides theoretical references and practical guidance for achieving intelligent, precise, and green agricultural irrigation systems.