面向四大家鱼的汉江中下游梯级生态调度方案研究

    Ecological scheduling of cascade hydropower stations on middle and lower Hanjiang River for four major Chinese carps

    • 摘要: 汉江中下游梯级枢纽的陆续建成,不可避免地阻碍了河流的自然流淌。为解决产漂流性鱼类鱼卵孵化受阻的问题,基于ROC模型量化产卵所需的生态水文指标阈值,并联用SWAT半分布式水文模型和MIKE 11一维水动力模型,研究制定了不同情景下的调度方案。结果表明:①产漂流性卵鱼类繁殖生态水文指标阈值为水位上涨持续时间≥3 d,水位日涨幅≥0.3 m(P < 0.1,AUC>0.95)。②根据模型计算确定了在汉江干流皇庄站流量≥1 200 m3/s,唐白河董坡站流量≥100 m3/s时为启动条件; 在董坡站流量≥600 m3/s、皇庄站流量≥2 100 m3/s,董坡站流量≥300 m3/s、皇庄站流量≥1 200 m3/s,董坡站流量≥100 m3/s、皇庄站流量≥1 200 m3/s 3种条件下,通过合理实施雅口、碾盘山、兴隆水库联合敞泄调度的方式,能不同程度满足汉江中下游干流四大家鱼产卵繁殖的需求。

       

      Abstract: The successive completion of cascade hydraulic hubs in the middle and lower Hanjiang River has inevitably obstructed the natural river flow. To address the impaired hatching of drifting-egg fish species, this study quantifies the required eco-hydrological threshold indices for spawning using the ROC model, and combines the SWAT semi-distributed hydrological model and the MIKE11 one-dimensional hydrodynamic model to draft scheduling schemes under different scenarios. The results indicate that: ① the eco-hydrological thresholds for drifting-egg fish reproduction are a water level rise duration ≥3 days and a daily water level increase ≥0.3 m (P < 0.1, AUC>0.95). ② Model calculations determine the triggering conditions as: flow ≥1 200 m3/s at Huangzhuang Station (Hanjiang mainstem) and flow ≥100 m3/s at Dongpo Station (Tangbai River). Under three combined conditions-Tangbai River (Dongpo) ≥600 m3/s and Hanjiang (Huangzhuang) ≥2 100 m3/s, or Tangbai River (Dongpo) ≥300 m3/s and Hanjiang (Huangzhuang) ≥1 200 m3/s, or Tangbai River (Dongpo) ≥100 m3/s and Hanjiang (Huangzhuang) ≥1 200 m3/s-the coordinated open-discharge scheduling of the Yakou, Nianpanshan, and Xinglong hubs can satisfy the spawning and reproduction needs of the four major Chinese carps in the middle-lower Hanjiang River mainstream to varying degrees.

       

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