Abstract: During the operation of long-distance water conveyance systems, uncertain factors such as pipeline mechanical properties, pipeline anchoring constraints, and water characteristics may lead to deviations between numerical simulation results and actual situation. To improve the accuracy of numerical simulation, a hydraulic transient model considering uncertainty factors was established based on the generalized Kelvin-Voigt model. The model was solved by the second-order Godunov Finite Volume Method, and its accuracy was verified through experiments and numerical simulations of complex hydraulic transient processes. The results indicate that this model can characterize the comprehensive characteristics of pipelines through creep functions and accurately simulate the pressure peak attenuation in long-distance water conveyance systems. In complex hydraulic transient processes, the relative error of pressure wave peaks will gradually amplify with the continuous superposition of pressure waves. In actual long-distance water conveyance projects, due to the presence of various uncertain factors that are difficult to observe and characterize, numerical errors will further intensify as pressure waves propagate multiple times. Therefore, applying a high-precision hydraulic transient model can improve the accuracy of pressure fluctuation simulation and hydraulic safety monitoring.