面向四大家鱼的汉江中下游梯级水库生态调度方案

    Ecological Scheduling of Middle and Lower Reaches of Han River for Drifting Egg Fish Species

    • 摘要: 随着汉江中下游梯级枢纽的陆续建成,不可避免地阻碍了河流的自然流淌。为解决产漂流性鱼类鱼卵孵化受阻的问题,本研究基于ROC模型量化产卵所需的生态水文指标阈值,并联用SWAT半分布式水文模型和MIKE11一维水动力模型,研究制定不同情景下的调度方案。结果表明产漂流性卵鱼类繁殖生态水文指标阈值为水位上涨持续时间≥3天,水位日涨幅≥0.3m(P<0.1,AUC>0.95)。根据模型计算确定了在汉江皇庄站流量≥1200m3/s,唐白河董坡站流量≥100m3/s时为启动条件;在唐白河董坡≥600m3/s、汉江干流皇庄≥2100m3/s;唐白河董坡≥300m3/s、汉江干流皇庄≥1200m3/s;唐白河董坡≥100m3/s、汉江干流皇庄≥1200m3/s三种条件下,通过合理实施雅口、碾盘山、兴隆联合敞泄调度的方式,能不同程度满足汉江中下游干流“四大家鱼”产卵繁殖的需求。

       

      Abstract: With the successive completion of the cascade hubs in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River, the natural flow of the river has inevitably been hindered. To solve the problem of blocked spawning of drift-spawning fish, this study quantifies the ecological and hydrological threshold values required for spawning based on the ROC model, and combines the SWAT semi-distributed hydrological model and the MIKE11 one-dimensional hydrodynamic model to study and formulate different dispatching schemes under various scenarios. Results demonstrate that the eco-hydrological thresholds for drifting-egg fish reproduction require water level rise duration ≥3 days and daily water level increase ≥0.3m (P<0.1, AUC>0.95). Model simulations established triggering conditions when flow rates reach ≥1200m³/s at Huangzhuang Station (Hanjiang) and ≥100m³/s at Dongpo Station (Tangbai River). Furthermore, under three operational conditions with flow rates ≥1200m³/s and 2100m³/s at Huangzhuang Station, combined with ≥300m³/s and 600m³/s at Dongpo Station, the proposed coordinated sluice-opening schemes among cascaded projects can simultaneously satisfy both reservoir recharging requirements and spawning habitat restoration objectives across different reproduction zones.

       

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