Abstract: In order to objectively assess the risk of fluoride contamination in groundwater in Chongqing, the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of fluoride ions in shallow groundwater in Chongqing were analyzed by hydrochemical characteristics, Gibbs diagram, correlation, mineral saturation index and chloride index, and the health risk evaluation was carried out in conjunction with the USEPA health risk assessment model.The results showed that:(1) The concentration range of Fˉ in submerged and micro-pressurized water in Chongqing was 0.05～2.97 mg/L and 0.04～4.46 mg/L respectively, with the exceedance rate of 9.30% and 22.86%,and the water chemistry type was dominated by SO4-Cl-Mg type, followed by SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg type and HCO3-Na type, and fluoride ions were easy to be found in HCO3 Ca-Mg type groundwater, and fluoride ions concentration tend to be high in HCO3-Ca-Mg type groundwater;(2) In horizontal respect, the highly fluoridated groundwater was mainly distributed in the western and northern parts of Chongqing, and vertically the concentration in submerged water was less than that in slightly pressurized water;(3)The dissolution of fluoride-containing minerals was the main source of Fˉ in the groundwater, and fluoride concentration was mainly controlled by cation-exchange effect.The research results showed that Fˉ in shallow groundwater in Chongqing City mainly originated from the dissolution of fluoride-containing minerals such as fluorite, and highly fluoridated groundwater was mainly affected by evaporation and concentration effects and hydrogeochemical factors.Under the exposure conditions of long-term drinking water intake, the health risks in Hechuan District, southeastern Nanchuan District, and northern Liangping District were relatively high, and it was recommended that the groundwater in these region should be treated before utilization.