Abstract: Taihu Lake Basin is a typical low-lying tidal plain river network area, which is constantly threatened by flood disasters.Since the founding of the People′s Republic of China, Taihu Lake Basin has undergone years of construction, a flood control and disaster reduction system for Taihu Lake Basin has been preliminarily established, and it has successfully fought against several floods.In this paper, we systematically summarized the course and strategies of flood control in Taihu Lake Basin since the founding of P.R.China.It is divided into three stages: decentralized water control, the first round of treatment, and the second round of treatment.We also summarized the human-water relationship in these three stages, and reviewed the flood control strategy of “considering both storage and discharge, treating flood and waterlogging synchronously, separating high floods from low floods, defending flood by different subzones, combining water diversion and drainage, taking comprehensive governance”.Furthermore, we studied the new situation of flood control under the background of high urbanization and climate change using hydrological statistics and mathematical model simulations.We identified new problems in flood control, such as the prominent contradiction between people and water, a shift in flood control focus from Taihu Lake to the river network, the intensifying impact of regional short-duration rainfall, and a fluctuating upward trend in surrounding tidal levels.Suggestions are also proposed for Taihu Lake Basin to implement basin flood control in the new period.Taihu Lake Basin should build resilient flood control and disaster mitigation systems, continue to adhere to the concept of human-water harmony, explore the "four changes" governance ideas, and improve management strategies, including comprehensively utilizing storage and discharge, governing flood and inundation together, expanding drainage capacity by every hydraulic subzone, integrating shipping networks with water conservancy networks, implementing multiple measures and intelligent control.The research results can provide a reference for future flood control management in Taihu Lake Basin.