Abstract: The improvement of the flood control system in the Changjiang River Basin is crucial for ensuring regional safety, but flood control construction inevitably has a certain impact on the ecological environment of the basin.To coordinate the relationship between basin management and protection, a retrospective evaluation of the ecological environmental impacts of existing flood control projects was conducted.The impact of planning implementation on water environment, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial ecology was systematically analyzed, and targeted protection measures were proposed based on the characteristics of ecological environments in different regions and the situation of planned projects.The research results show that under the premise of strictly implementing spatial control requirements and mitigation measures, the planning scheme can balance flood control safety and ecological protection objectives.Based on the environmental impact prediction results, suggestions for optimizing and adjusting the planning scheme and requirements for environmental protection during the planning implementation stage are proposed, providing scientific reference for the green implementation of major water conservancy projects under the background of the Yangtze River conservation.